Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 allows the president to impose tariffs or other trade restrictions on imported goods after the Commerce Department determines they threaten national security. Unlike congressional tariff authority, Section 232 actions require only an executive determination, not a vote. Trump used it to impose 25% global auto tariffs in March 2025 and lowered EU rates to 15% as part of the Turnberry Agreement. The authority is separate from the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and was not affected by the Supreme Court ruling that struck down IEEPA-based tariffs in 2026.