A trade agreement is a negotiated arrangement between governments that reduces or eliminates tariffs, quotas, and other barriers to commerce. Under the U.S. Constitution, Article I grants Congress the power to regulate trade with foreign nations, but presidents have historically concluded trade arrangements through executive agreements, which do not require Senate ratification. Major free trade agreements — like NAFTA — require congressional approval under fast-track trade authority. Narrower arrangements, including frameworks and executive agreements, can be implemented without a vote.