Alabama draws second congressional map that still fails to create majority-Black district, defying court order

Alabama submits a new congressional map to federal court on September 5, 2023, following the Supreme Court's ruling in Allen v. Milligan ordering the state to redraw its districts to comply with Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. Instead of creating a second majority-Black district, Alabama draws a map with one 40-percent Black district — which the legislature argues is sufficient. The three-judge court that oversees the case rejects the state's map in September 2023 and appoints a special master to draw a remedial plan. Alabama's defiance of the court order becomes a flashpoint in voting rights litigation and is cited as a key factor in Louisiana's later resistance to Section 2 compliance.