Iran and P5+1 sign Joint Plan of Action in Geneva

Following months of intensive negotiations in Geneva, Iran and the P5+1 countries (United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, plus Germany) reach the Joint Plan of Action (JPOA). The agreement represents a significant diplomatic breakthrough: Iran agrees to freeze parts of its nuclear program in exchange for modest sanctions relief. The JPOA is intentionally designed as a confidence-building measure—a temporary agreement meant to create breathing room for negotiating a comprehensive long-term deal. Both sides view the agreement as proof that diplomacy can work when backed by credible economic incentives and security assurances.