Complete this excerpt from the April 3, 2025 Education Week interview with Louisiana State Superintendent Dr. Cade Brumley: “We banned ___-_____ systems, which is a reading approach that prompts students to draw on _____ instead of sounding words out.”

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In an April 3, 2025 interview with Education Week’s Rick Hess, Louisiana Superintendent of Education Dr. Cade Brumley explained: “We banned three-cueing systems, which is a reading approach that prompts students to draw on context instead of sounding words out.” Three-cueing—or the MSV (meaning, syntactic, visual) model—teaches students to guess words using semantic, syntactic and grapho-phonemic cues rather than systematically decoding them ). Louisiana’s 2021 literacy overhaul, codified in its comprehensive literacy policy, explicitly eliminated three-cueing systems and required all K–3 educators to complete science-of-reading training, adopt universal screening and provide targeted interventions ). Research in cognitive science, including work by Stanislas Dehaene and Mark Seidenberg, shows that reliance on context cues hinders development of automatic word recognition and long-term reading fluency ). Louisiana remains the only state whose 2024 NAEP fourth-grade reading score exceeded its 2019 baseline, underscoring the impact of replacing three-cueing with systematic phonics instruction ).

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