True or False: Congress passed a specific authorization for military force against Venezuela before the September 2025 strikes began.

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False. Congress had not declared war upon, nor enacted a specific statutory authorization for use of military force against, Venezuela before the strikes began in September 2025. H.Con.Res.51, introduced September 23, 2025, explicitly stated this fact. The Trump administration proceeded without congressional authorization, citing Article II commander-in-chief powers instead. Senator Tim Kaine's S.J.Res.90, which would have required congressional approval, failed 49-51 on November 6, 2025. The lack of congressional authorization was a central criticism from lawmakers across the political spectrum.

True or False: Congress passed a specific authorization for military force against Venezuela before the September 2025 strikes began.

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