🤝Obama's 2015 Iran nuclear deal kept uranium enrichment below 4%
Constitutional Law
Foreign Policy
National Security
In July 2015, President Obama concluded the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with Iran after two years of secret negotiations, trading sanctions relief for nuclear restrictions that extended Iran's "breakout time" to one year.
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Key Takeaways
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Why This Matters
🕊️ Diplomacy worked where force failed
Iran dismantled 98% of uranium stockpile and allowed unprecedented inspections, proving nuclear threats manageable without war.
🏛️ Obama bypassed Senate through legal loophole
Calling JCPOA a "political commitment" set precedent for presidents making major international agreements without legislative consent.
💰 Coordinated sanctions forced nuclear negotiations
Iran economy contracted 6.8% before agreeing to talks, demonstrating economic pressure as diplomatic tool.
🌐 Multilateral approach multiplied American power
Working with Europe, Russia, and China created sustainable pressure Iran couldn't escape through any single relationship.
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1
What was the official name of the 2015 Iran nuclear agreement?
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2
How much of Iran's uranium stockpile did the JCPOA require Iran to eliminate?
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What was Iran's "breakout time" under the JCPOA—the time needed to produce enough uranium for one nuclear weapon?
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4
Which secret facility did Iran agree to convert from uranium enrichment to an international research center?
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5
What economic pressure convinced Iran to negotiate the JCPOA?
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6
According to U.S. intelligence, when did Iran actually halt its nuclear weapons program?
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Which international organization was responsible for monitoring Iran's compliance with the JCPOA?
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8
How many advanced centrifuges was Iran allowed to keep operating under the JCPOA?
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What was the maximum uranium enrichment level Iran was allowed under the JCPOA?
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10
Which countries were part of the P5+1 group that negotiated the JCPOA with Iran?
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11
What happened to the Arak heavy-water reactor under the JCPOA?
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12
How much money in frozen assets did Iran recover after JCPOA implementation?
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Under the JCPOA, how long would nuclear restrictions on Iran last?
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What was the "snapback" mechanism in the JCPOA?
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Which Iranian president negotiated the JCPOA with Obama?
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What percentage of Iran's centrifuges did the JCPOA require to be removed?
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When did the JCPOA officially go into effect after being signed?
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What was Iran's uranium stockpile limit under the JCPOA?
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Which facility did the IAEA gain daily access to under the JCPOA?
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What was the total length of the JCPOA document?
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21
The JCPOA was ratified by the U.S. Senate as a formal treaty.
True/False
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Israel supported the JCPOA when it was signed in 2015.
True/False
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The JCPOA addressed Iran's ballistic missile program.
True/False
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The JCPOA permanently banned Iran from developing nuclear weapons.
True/False
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Congress had the constitutional power to block the JCPOA.
True/False
Constitutional Law