The Anderson-Burdick test, drawn from Anderson v. Celebrezze (1983) and Burdick v. Takushi (1992), requires courts to weigh the severity of a voting restriction's burden against the state interest it claims to serve. Severe burdens demand compelling justification; minimal burdens need only a reasonable, nondiscriminatory rationale. Courts have applied the test to voter ID laws, registration deadlines, and proof-of-citizenship requirements.