The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA), codified at 5 U.S.C. § 1101 et seq., overhauled the federal personnel system. It established the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) and the Office of Special Counsel to hear federal employee grievances. Congress intended the CSRA to channel most federal workforce complaints through the MSPB — not federal district courts — with judicial review authorized only after the administrative process concludes, typically before the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals. Courts have repeatedly held that the CSRA occupies the field for federal employee workplace claims, preempting direct district court jurisdiction even when employees allege constitutional violations.