The U.S. Constitution contains two emoluments provisions. The Foreign Emoluments Clause (Article I, Section 9) prohibits federal officials from accepting gifts or payments from foreign governments without congressional consent. The Domestic Emoluments Clause (Article II, Section 1) prohibits the president from receiving any emolument from the United States or any individual state beyond the official presidential salary. Legal scholars debate how broadly these clauses apply to commercial transactions involving the presidency. Courts have rarely reached the merits of emoluments claims, often dismissing challenges on standing grounds.