Foreign Military Financing (FMF) is a U.S. State Department program administered under the Arms Export Control Act that provides grants and concessional loans to allied and partner governments to purchase U.S. defense articles, services, and training. FMF has been a central tool of American security assistance since the Cold War. Under the Ukraine Support Act, $8 billion in FMF loans — not grants — would be available to Ukraine and NATO allies, marking a structural shift toward a repayment model championed by the Trump administration.