Preclearance was a requirement under Section 5 of the 1965 Voting Rights Act mandating that states and localities with documented histories of racial discrimination in voting obtain approval from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing changes to voting laws. The Supreme Court eliminated the requirement in Shelby County v. Holder (2013), ruling the coverage formula unconstitutional. Since then, Texas has closed more polling locations than any other state, and citizens must sue after harm occurs rather than before.