The women''s suffrage movement in the United States spanned over 70 years, from the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 to the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony founded the National Woman Suffrage Association to push for a constitutional amendment after tensions erupted over the 15th Amendment giving Black men but not women the vote. Activists used diverse tactics: lecturing, lobbying, marching, picketing the White House, hunger strikes, and civil disobedience. California Senator A.A. Sargent introduced the suffrage amendment in Congress in 1878, but it took 41 more years before the House passed it on May 21, 1919 and the Senate followed two weeks later. Tennessee became the decisive 36th state to ratify on August 18, 1920, and Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby certified the amendment on August 26, 1920. Despite this victory, Jim Crow laws blocked millions of Black women in the South from voting for decades after.