Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) within the Department of Education investigates complaints, conducts compliance reviews, and can require schools to sign Resolution Agreements — consent-decree-like documents that specify remedial steps. If an entity refuses to comply, OCR can refer the matter to the Department of Justice for legal proceedings and recommend termination of federal funding. The Trump administration's OCR under Acting Assistant Secretary Craig Trainor has interpreted Title IX's sex discrimination prohibition to exclude transgender women and girls from female sports and facilities, a reading directly opposed to the Biden administration's interpretation.