Congress amends Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act to restore a results-based standard, directly overturning Mobile v. Bolden

Congress amended Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act on June 29, 1982, explicitly restoring a results-based standard for voting discrimination claims. The amendment added language specifying that plaintiffs did not need to prove discriminatory intent — a voting practice violated Section 2 if it resulted in the denial or abridgement of the right to vote on account of race. The amendment directly overturned the Supreme Court's 1980 Mobile v. Bolden ruling. President Ronald Reagan signed the extension after initially opposing key provisions, including the results test.