Snowden reveals PRISM and Upstream programs, exposing NSA collection of millions of Americans' communications under Section 702

On June 5, 2013, The Guardian published the first of Edward Snowden's leaked NSA documents, revealing that the FISC had secretly ordered Verizon to hand over phone records of all American customers. Subsequent disclosures revealed PRISM — through which the NSA collected emails, chats, and files from Google, Apple, Microsoft, and Facebook — and Upstream collection, which intercepted data directly from fiber-optic cables. The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board documented 89,138 foreign targets approved under Section 702, but noted millions of Americans' communications were swept in as incidental collection with no warrant.