DHS Establishes Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) as Student Visa Enforcement Agency

The newly created Department of Homeland Security restructures the INS into three successor agencies: USCIS (benefits and admissions), CBP (border), and ICE (enforcement). ICE assumes primary responsibility for SEVIS compliance enforcement, F-1 student status violations, and deportation proceedings. This restructuring places enforcement at the center of international student policy.