Complete the constitutional principle: The Constitution gives [BLANK] the power to impose tariffs in [BLANK], not to the president.

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The Constitution gives Congress the power to "lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises" in Article I Section 8, not the president. The Founders separated tax-raising power from enforcement power because English kings had taxed colonists without representation. Tariffs are taxes on imports—the government collects them from importers at U.S. ports, generating revenue. By putting this power in Article I (the legislative branch), the Constitution requires congressional approval for taxation. Trump's use of IEEPA claimed to bypass this requirement by declaring a national emergency, which is why challengers argued it violated the Constitution's assignment of the taxing power to Congress.

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