Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act prohibits election practices that have what effect?

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Section 2 prohibits any voting practice that gives minority voters less opportunity than white voters to participate in elections and elect candidates of their choice. Unlike Section 5 (which required preclearance), Section 2 applies nationwide and allows lawsuits after discriminatory maps are enacted. The provision does not require proof of discriminatory intent—only discriminatory effect—which is why conservative legal activists now argue it violates the Equal Protection Clause.

Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act prohibits election practices that have what effect?

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