True or False: The federal government can force cities to sign 287(g) agreements and cooperate with ICE.

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False. The federal government cannot force cities or counties to sign 287(g) agreements or cooperate with ICE. The 10th Amendment's anti-commandeering doctrine prohibits the federal government from compelling state and local governments to enforce federal law or participate in federal enforcement programs. 287(g) agreements are voluntary—local jurisdictions choose whether to participate. This is why sanctuary cities like Minneapolis can refuse to cooperate with ICE and reject 287(g) agreements despite federal pressure. Trump's threats to withhold federal funding from non-cooperating jurisdictions have been repeatedly struck down by courts as unconstitutional attempts to coerce participation. The federal government must conduct its own immigration enforcement operations in jurisdictions that refuse to cooperate—which is exactly what ICE was doing in Minneapolis when agent Jonathan Ross shot Renee Good.

True or False: The federal government can force cities to sign 287(g) agreements and cooperate with ICE.

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