Federal judge permanently blocks Trump order defunding NPR and PBS as First Amendment violation

Constitutional protections limiting the government from conditioning contracts on speech.

Government cannot punish expression except for narrow exceptions like threats and incitement.

1935 Supreme Court case establishing that independent agencies have constitutional protection from presidential removal.

A 1935 Supreme Court case that established Congress can protect independent agency heads from being fired by the president without good cause.

When the government restricts speech based on the speaker's perspective or ideology rather than a neutral standard.

Supreme Court case establishing anti-commandeering doctrine for state officials

Content-neutral government limits on when, where, or how speech and protests occur.

Presidential orders targeting political opponents or critics

Constitutional prohibition on government censorship before publication.

Government cannot censor publications or require journalists to get licenses before publishing.