Senate passes tax package after 27-hour marathon

The Senate passed President Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill" 51-50 on July 1, 2025, with Vice President JD Vance casting the tie-breaking vote after a marathon voting session. Republicans Rand Paul, Susan Collins, and Thom Tillis joined all Democrats in opposition, citing deficit concerns and Medicaid cuts. The bill permanently extends the 2017 tax cuts, raises the SALT deduction cap to $40,000, and increases the child tax credit to $2,200 per child. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the bill will add $3.4 trillion to the federal deficit over 10 years. The House passed it 218-214 on July 3, and Trump signed it into law on July 4, 2025.

Key facts

The Senate passed the tax and spending package by a 51–50 vote, with Vice President JD Vance casting the tie-breaking vote.

Three Republican senators—Thom Tillis (NC), Susan Collins (ME) and Rand Paul (KY)—joined all 47 Democrats and Democratic-caucusing independents in opposing the bill.

The Senate spent 27 hours in a “vote-a-rama,” voting on dozens of amendments before final passage.

Senate Parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough ruled that certain provisions violated budget reconciliation rules and had to be removed.

Senator Lisa Murkowski agreed to support the bill after Republican leaders doubled the rural hospital stabilization fund to $50 billion.

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