USTR invokes IEEPA for 10% USMCA partner tariffs

Effective Feb. 1, 2025, the Trump administration imposed duties of up to 10% on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China under a national emergency proclamation citing fentanyl trafficking and migration (White House Tariff Proclamation, 2025-02-01).

Canada and Mexico retaliated by levying tariffs on U.S. agricultural products, manufactured goods, and energy exports in direct response to the U.S. duties (Canadian Trade Minister Retaliation Statement).

Steel, aluminum, and manufactured goods face the highest duty rates, which U.S. importers pay and then pass on to American consumers and businesses as higher prices (U.S. Trade Representative Tariff Schedule; Congressional Research Service Tariff Mechanics).