Explore the Kennedy administration (1961–1963). View events, executive orders, leadership positions, court cases, and key policy decisions that shaped American governance.
Donald Trump
2025–Present (2nd term)
Joe Biden
2021–2025
Donald Trump
2017–2021 (1st term)
Barack Obama
2013–2017 (2nd term)
Barack Obama
2009–2013 (1st term)
George W. Bush
2005–2009 (2nd term)
George W. Bush
2001–2005 (1st term)
Bill Clinton
1997–2001 (2nd term)
Bill Clinton
1993–1997 (1st term)
George H.W. Bush
1989–1993
Ronald Reagan
1985–1989 (2nd term)
Ronald Reagan
1981–1985 (1st term)
Jimmy Carter
1977–1981
Gerald Ford
1974–1977
Richard Nixon
1969–1974
Lyndon B. Johnson
1965–1969 (2nd term)
Lyndon B. Johnson
1963–1965 (1st term)
John F. Kennedy
1961–1963
Dwight Eisenhower
1957–1961 (2nd term)
Dwight Eisenhower
1953–1957 (1st term)
Harry S. Truman
1945–1953
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1945–1945 (4th term)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1941–1945 (3rd term)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1937–1941 (2nd term)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1933–1937 (1st term)
Herbert Hoover
1929–1933
Calvin Coolidge
1923–1929
Warren G. Harding
1921–1923
Woodrow Wilson
1917–1921 (2nd term)
Woodrow Wilson
1913–1917 (1st term)
William Howard Taft
1909–1913
Theodore Roosevelt
1905–1909 (2nd term)
Theodore Roosevelt
1901–1905 (1st term)
William McKinley
1901–1901 (2nd term)
William McKinley
1897–1901 (1st term)
Grover Cleveland
1893–1897 (2nd term)
Benjamin Harrison
1889–1893
Grover Cleveland
1885–1889 (1st term)
Chester A. Arthur
1881–1885
James A. Garfield
1881–1881
Rutherford B. Hayes
1877–1881
Ulysses S. Grant
1873–1877 (2nd term)
Ulysses S. Grant
1869–1873 (1st term)
Andrew Johnson
1865–1869
Abraham Lincoln
1865–1865 (2nd term)
Abraham Lincoln
1861–1865 (1st term)
James Buchanan
1857–1861
Franklin Pierce
1853–1857
Millard Fillmore
1850–1853
Zachary Taylor
1849–1850
James K. Polk
1845–1849
John Tyler
1841–1845
William Henry Harrison
1841–1841
Martin Van Buren
1837–1841
Andrew Jackson
1833–1837 (2nd term)
Andrew Jackson
1829–1833 (1st term)
John Quincy Adams
1825–1829
James Monroe
1821–1825 (2nd term)
James Monroe
1817–1821 (1st term)
James Madison
1813–1817 (2nd term)
James Madison
1809–1813 (1st term)
Thomas Jefferson
1805–1809 (2nd term)
Thomas Jefferson
1801–1805 (1st term)
John Adams
1797–1801
George Washington
1793–1797 (2nd term)
George Washington
1789–1793 (1st term)
Gideon v. Wainwright held that the Sixth Amendment requires states to provide counsel to defendants who cannot afford a lawyer in serious criminal cases. The decision overruled Betts v. Brady and made the right to counsel fundamental in state felony prosecutions.